Apparatus, system, and method of managing data transmission, and recording medium storing data transmission management program

ABSTRACT

A transmission management system obtains, in response to a communication start request for starting communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal, first reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal and second reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal, and determines whether to accept or reject the communication start request based on a match between the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is based on and claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-136801, filed on Jun. 18, 2012, in the Japan Patent Office, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present invention generally relates to an apparatus, system, and method of managing data transmission, each of which is capable of determining whether to accept or reject a request for starting communication between or among a plurality of transmission terminals, and a data transmission management program stored in a non-transitory recording medium.

2. Description of the Related Art

With the need for reducing costs or times associated with business trips, more companies are moving towards data transmission systems provided with teleconference or videoconference (“conference”) capabilities to carry out communication among a plurality of transmission terminals. For example, the videoconference systems allow transmission of contents data such as image data and/or sound data among a plurality of videoconference terminals through a communications network such as the Internet to carry out videoconference.

When communication is managed using a management server, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-109922-A (Registration No. 4292544), the user cannot freely change the time to start or end, as the management server manages communication based on the scheduled information.

While the management server can allow the user to freely change the time to start or end the conference without requiring the user to change the scheduled information, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-199845-A, the management system may not be able to manage communication based on the scheduled information, as communication may not be based on the scheduled information. For example, the management system may start communication between a request transmission terminal and a counterpart transmission terminal in response to a request from the request transmission terminal, not based on the scheduled information. In such case, the counterpart transmission terminal, which starts communication with the request transmission terminal, may not be able to start communication with the other transmission terminal based on the scheduled information.

SUMMARY

In view of the above, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus, system, and a method, each of which is capable of determining whether to accept or reject a communication start request for starting communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal, and a non-transitory recording medium storing the instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method. For example, the transmission management system obtains first reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal and second reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal, respectively, and determines whether to accept or reject the communication start request based on a match between the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the disclosure and many of the attendant advantages and features thereof can be readily obtained and understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a transmission system, according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an illustration for explaining transmission or reception of data such as image data, sound data, or management data, performed by the transmission system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the outer appearance of a transmission terminal of the transmission system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a hardware structure of the transmission terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a hardware structure of any one of the transmission management system, relay device, program providing system, and maintenance system of the transmission system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a functional structure of the transmission system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an example data structure of a relay device management table, managed by the management system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an example data structure of a terminal authentication management table, managed by the management system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is an example data structure of a terminal management table, managed by the management system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 10 is an example data structure of a session management table, managed by the management system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 11 is an example data structure of a reservation management table, managed by the management system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 is a data sequence diagram illustrating operation of establishing communication among two or more terminals of the transmission system of FIG. 1, according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of a reservation registration screen, displayed at the terminal of FIG. 3;

FIG. 14 is a data sequence diagram illustrating operation of processing a request for starting communication with a counterpart terminal, performed by the transmission system of FIG. 1, according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating operation of determining whether to accept or reject a communication start request, performed by the transmission management system of FIG. 6, according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 16A and 16B are illustration of example screens having messages, generated by the management system of FIG. 6, according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating operation of managing information regarding a session established between or among a plurality of transmission terminals, according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a data sequence diagram illustrating operation of processing a request for ending communication with a counterpart terminal, performed by the transmission system of FIG. 1, according to an example embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 19 is an illustration for explaining candidate information, according to an example embodiment of the present invention.

The accompanying drawings are intended to depict example embodiments of the present invention and should not be interpreted to limit the scope thereof. The accompanying drawings are not to be considered as drawn to scale unless explicitly noted.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

In describing example embodiments shown in the drawings, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. However, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner.

In the following description, illustrative embodiments will be described with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations (e.g., in the form of flowcharts) that may be implemented as program modules or functional processes including routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types and may be implemented using existing hardware at existing network elements or control nodes. Such existing hardware may include one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific-integrated-circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) computers or the like. These terms in general may be referred to as processors.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, or as is apparent from the discussion, terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical, electronic quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a transmission system, according to an example embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an illustration for explaining transmission or reception of data such as image data, sound data, or management data, performed by the transmission system of FIG. 1.

In one example, the transmission system 1 functions as a data providing system that transmits contents data from one transmission terminal to another transmission terminal in one direction through a transmission management system 50. In another example, the transmission system 1 functions as a two-way communication system that exchanges various information including image data and/or sound data between or among two or more of a plurality of transmission terminals 10 each of which functions as a communication terminal, through the transmission management system 50 that functions as a communication management system. When functioning as the communication system, the transmission system 1 may be implemented as a videoconference system, video teleconference system, voice conference system, voice teleconference system, or personal computer screen sharing system.

In the following examples, it is assumed that the transmission system 1 of FIG. 1 is implemented as the videoconference system, which is one example structure of the communication system. Based on this assumption, the transmission management system 50 is implemented as the videoconference communication management system, which is one example structure of the communication management system. Further, the transmission terminal 10 is implemented as the videoconference communication terminal, which is one example structure of the communication terminal. However, the use of transmission system 1 is not limited to the following examples such that the transmission system 1 may be implemented as the transmission system or the communication system as described above.

The transmission system 1 of FIG. 1 includes a plurality of transmission terminals 10 aa, 10 ab, 10 ba, 10 ^(bb), 10 ca, 10 cb, 10 da, and 10 db, and a plurality of displays 120 aa, 120 ab, 120 ba, 120 bb, 120 ca, 120 cb, 120 da, and 120 db, a plurality of relay devices 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, and 30 d, a transmission management system 50, a program providing system 90, and a maintenance system 100.

The transmission terminal 10 transmits or receives contents data such as image data and/or sound data to or from another transmission terminal 10. In this example, it is assumed that a moving image is transmitted as the image data. Alternatively, a still image, or both of the still image and the moving image, may be transmitted as the image data.

For the descriptive purposes, in this example, any number of the plurality of terminals 10 aa to 10 db may be collectively or each referred to as the terminal 10. Any number of the plurality of displays 120 aa to 120 db may be collectively or each referred to as the display 120. Any number of the plurality of relay devices 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, and 30 d may be collectively or each referred to as the relay device 30. The transmission management system 50 may be referred to as the “management system” 50.

The terminal 10 that transmits data to another terminal 10 to carry out videoconference may be referred to as the request terminal 10. The terminal 10 that receives data from another terminal 10 to carry out videoconference may be referred to as the counterpart terminal 10. For example, the request terminal 10 includes any terminal 10 that requests another terminal 10 to start videoconference, and the counterpart terminal 10 includes any terminal 10 that is associated with the request terminal 10 to start videoconference.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, in the transmission system 1, the terminals 10 each establish a management data session “sei” with the management system 50 to start transmission and reception of various types of management data “M” with the management system 50. Further, in this example, the terminals 10 each establish contents data sessions “sed” with the relay device 30 to transmit or receive contents data with the relay device 30. The contents data sessions include at least one session “I” to transmit image data, and a session “V” to transmit sound data such as voice data. In this example, the contents data session may be referred to as the image and/or sound data session.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the terminal 10 transmits or receives contents data such as image data and sound data to or from a counterpart terminal 10 to establish communication with the counterpart terminal 10. As described below, the terminal 10 transmits or receives image data in addition to sound data. Alternatively, the terminal 10 may transmit or receive only sound data. The relay device 30 relays contents data such as image data or sound data between or among the terminals 10. For example, the relay device 30 may be implemented by a router or any device that provides the function of router. The management system 50 centrally manages various information regarding the terminal 10 or the relay device 30.

The plurality of routers 70 a to 70 d, 70 ab, and 70 cd, which may be collectively or each referred to as the router 70, selects a route that is most suitable for transmitting contents data such as image data and sound data.

The program providing system 90 includes a hard disk device (HD) 204 (FIG. 5), which stores a terminal control program that causes the terminal 10 to perform various functions or operations. For example, the program providing system 90 sends the terminal control program to the terminal 10 through the Internet 2 i to cause the terminal 10 to install the terminal control program. Further, the RD 204 of the program providing system 90 may store a relay control program that causes the relay device 30 to perform various functions or operations. For example, the program providing system 90 sends the relay control program to the relay device 30 through the Internet 2 i to cause the relay device 30 to install the relay control program. Further, the RD 204 of the program providing system 90 may store a transmission management program that causes the management system 50 to perform various functions or operations. For example, the program providing system 90 sends the transmission management program to the management system 50 to cause the management system 50 to install the transmission management program.

The maintenance system 100 is implemented as one or more computers capable of maintaining, managing, fixing, or upgrading at least one of the terminal 10, relay device 30, management system 50, and program providing system 90. Assuming that the maintenance system 100 is provided within a country, and the terminal 10, relay device 30, management system 50, and program providing system 90 are each installed outside the country, the maintenance system 100 maintains, manages, fixes, or upgrades at least one of the terminal 10, relay device 30, management system 50, and program providing system 90, remotely through the communications network 2. The maintenance system 100 may manage maintenance of at least one of the terminal 10, relay device 30, management system 50, and program providing system 90 without using the communications network 2. For example, a machine type number, a manufacturing number, customer information, maintenance and repair information, and failure log information may be maintained at the maintenance system 100 without using the communications network 2.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the terminals 10 aa and 10 ab, the relay device 30 a, and the router 70 a are connected to a local area network (LAN) 2 a. The terminals 10 ba and 10 bb, the relay device 30 b, and the router 70 b are connected to a LAN 2 b. The LAN 2 a and the LAN 2 b are connected to a leased line 2 ab in which the router 70 ab is provided. It is assumed that these devices including the terminals 10 aa to 10 bb are located in an area A. For example, assuming that the area is any area in Japan, the LAN 2 a could be located within an office in a city such as Tokyo, and the LAN 2 b could be located within an office in another city such as Osaka.

The terminals 10 ca and 10 cb, the relay device 30 c, and the router 70 c are connected to a LAN 2 c. The terminals 10 da and 10 db, the relay device 30 d, and the router 70 d are connected to a LAN 2 d. The LAN 2 c and the LAN 2 d are connected to a leased line 2 cd in which the router 70 cd is provided. It is assumed that these devices including the terminals 10 ca to 10 db are located in an area B apart from the area A. For example, assuming that the area is any area in the United States, the LAN 2 c could be located within an office in a city such as New York, and the LAN 2 d could be located within an office in another city such as Washington, D.C. The area A and the area B are connected through the Internet 2 i, via the routers 70 ab and 70 cd.

The management system 50 and the program providing system 90 are connected through the Internet 2 i to the terminal 10 and the relay device 30. Any one of the management system 50 and the program providing system 90 may be located at any location within or outside any one of the area A and the area B.

In this example, the communications network 2 includes the LAN 2 a, LAN 2 b, leased line 2 ab, Internet 2 i, leased line 2 cd, LAN 2 c, and LAN 2 d. Any one or any portion of these lines or any other lines that may be included in the communications network 2 may be implemented as wired network or wireless network such as Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network or Bluetooth (Registered Trademark) network.

As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal 10, the relay device 30, the management system 50, the router 70, the program providing system 90, and the maintenance system 100 are each provided with four digit numbers. These four digit numbers separated by dots are the simple expressions of IP addresses respectively assigned to any one of the devices shown in FIG. 1, each of which has a function of communication device. For example, the IP address of the terminal 10 aa is “1.2.1.3”. For simplicity, it is assumed that the IP address is expressed in IPv4. Alternatively, the IP address may be expressed in IPv6.

Further, in this example, the terminal 10 may be communicated in various ways. For example, at least two different terminals 10 that are located at different rooms in the same office, or at least two different terminals 10 that are located at different offices that are remotely located from one another, may communicate with one another. In another example, at least two different terminals 10 that are located in the same room may communicate with one another. In another example, one terminal 10 that is located indoor and another terminal 10 that is located outdoor, or at least two different terminals 10 that are both located outdoor, may communicate with one another. When the terminal 10 is located outdoor, the terminal 10 communicates with the other terminal 10 through a wireless network such as a wireless network designed for a mobile phone.

<Hardware Structure of Transmission System>

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, a hardware structure of the terminal 10 is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the outer appearance of the terminal 10. FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a hardware structure of the terminal 10. In FIG. 3, the longitudinal direction of the terminal 10 is referred to as X direction. The direction orthogonal to the X direction, which is the horizontal direction of the terminal 10, is referred to as the Y direction. The direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction is referred to as the Z direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the terminal 10 includes a body 1100, an arm 1200, and a camera housing 1300. The body 1100 includes a backside wall 1110 having a plurality of air intake holes that are formed over the nearly entire surface of the intake surface of the backside wall 1110. The body 1100 further includes a front sidewall 1120 provided with an exhaust surface 1121 having a plurality of exhaust holes over the nearly entire surface of the exhaust surface 1121. When a cooling fan that is provided within the body 1100 is driven, air flows in through the intake holes of the intake surface and out through the exhaust holes of the exhaust surface 1121. The body 1100 further includes a right side wall 1130 formed with a sound pickup hole 1131. Through the sound pickup hole 1131, a microphone 114 (FIG. 4) of the terminal 10 is able to catch sounds such as human voice or any sound including noise.

The body 1100 has an operation panel 1150, which is provided at a front surface toward the right side wall 1130. The operation panel 1150 includes a plurality of operation keys 108 a to 108 e (“the operation key 108”), a power switch 109, an alarm lamp 119, and a plurality of sound output holes 1151. Through the sound output holes 1151, a speaker 115 (FIG. 4) of the terminal 10 is able to output sounds such as sounds generated based on human voice. The body 1100 further includes a holder 1160, which is provided at the front surface toward the left sidewall 1140. The holder 1160, which has a concave shape, accommodates therein the arm 1200 and the camera housing 1300. The right side wall 1130 is further provided with a plurality of connection ports 1132 a to 1132 c (“connection ports 1132”). The connection ports 1132 allow electrical connection to an external device through an outside device connection I/F 118 (FIG. 4). The body 1100 further includes a left sidewall 1140, which is provided with a connection port to connect the external display 120 to the display I/F 117 through a cable 120 c.

The arm 1200 is fixed to the body 1100 via a torque hinge 1210. With the torque hinge 1210, the arm 1200 can be rotated in directions of up and down with respect to the body, while making a tilt angle θ1 of up to 135 degrees. FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the tilt angle θ1 is 90 degrees.

The camera housing 1300 incorporates therein the camera 112 (FIG. 4) that takes an image of an object. The object may be a part of a user, document, or a room where the terminal 10 is located. The camera housing 1300 is provided with a torque hinge 1310. The camera housing 1300 is fixed to the arm 1200 through the torque hinge 1310. With the torque hinge 1310, the camera housing 1300 can be rotated with respect to the arm 1200, in the direction of up, down, right, and left, such that the camera housing 1300 is kept at a desired position. More specifically, the camera housing 1300 can be rotated, while making a pan angle θ2 from about −180 degrees to 180 degrees in the direction right and left, and a tilt angle θ3 that ranges from about −45 degrees to +45 degrees in the direction of up and down. In FIG. 3, the pan angle θ2 and the tilt angle θ3 are each 0 degree.

The relay device 30, the management system 50, the program providing system 90, and the maintenance system 100 are each implemented by a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer or a server computer. For simplicity, explanation of the outer appearance of the computer is omitted.

Referring to FIG. 4, the terminal 10 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 101, a read only memory (ROM) 102, a random access memory (RAM) 103, a flash memory 104, a solid state drive (SSD) 105, a medium drive 107, the operation key 108, the power switch 109, a network interface (I/F) 111, the camera 112, an imaging element interface (I/F) 113, the microphone 114, the speaker 115, a sound input/output interface (I/O I/F) 116, the display interface (I/F) 117, the outside device connection interface (I/F) 118, and an alarm lamp 119, which are electrically connected through a bus 110 such as an address bus or data bus. The CPU 101 controls entire operation of the terminal 10. The ROM 102 stores therein a control program for execution by the CPU 101, such as an initial program loader (IPL). The RAM 103 functions as a work area of the CPU 101. The flash memory 104 stores therein various data such as the terminal control program, image data, or sound data such as voice data. The SSD 105 controls reading or writing of various data with respect to the flash memory 104 under control of the CPU 101. The medium drive 107 controls reading or writing of various data with respect to a removable recording medium 106 such as a flash memory. The operation key 108 allows the user to input a user instruction, for example, by allowing the user to select a communication destination such as the counterpart terminal 10. The power switch 109 allows the user to switch on or off the power of the terminal 10. The network I/F 111 allows the terminal 10 to transmit data through the communications network 2.

The camera 112 takes an image of an object to obtain image data under control of the CPU 101. The imaging element I/F 113 controls operation of the camera 112. The microphone 114 catches sounds such as voice of the user at the terminal 10. The speaker 115 outputs sounds such as sounds generated based on voice of the user at the counterpart terminal 10. The sound I/O I/F 116 controls input or output of sound signals such as voice signals with respect to the microphone 114 and the speaker 115 under control of the CPU 101. The display I/F 117 transmits image data to the display 120 under control of the CPU 101. The outside device connection I/F 118 controls connection of the terminal 10 to various types of outside device. The alarm lamp 119 generates notification when an error is detected in the terminal 10.

The display 120 may be implemented by a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light emitting display, which displays various data such as an image of an object or an operation icon. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the display 120 is connected to the display I/F 117 through the cable 120 c. The cable 120 c may be implemented by an analog RCB (VGA) signal cable, a component video cable, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) signal cable, or a digital video interactive (DVI) signal cable.

The camera 112 includes a plurality of devices such as a lens system, and a solid-state image sensing device that photo-electrically converts a light to generate an image of an object. For example, the solid-state image sensing device includes a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or a charge coupled device (CCD).

The outside device connection I/F 118 may be connected to an outside device such as an external camera, external microphone, or external speaker through a universal serial bus (USB) cable that is connected through the port 1132 of the body 1100 (FIG. 3). When the external camera is connected to the terminal 10, the CPU 101 causes the terminal 10 to capture an image using the external camera, rather than the camera 112 that is incorporated in the terminal 10. When the external microphone or the external speaker is connected to the terminal 10, the CPU 101 causes the terminal 10 to use the external microphone or the external speaker in replace of the incorporated microphone 114 or the incorporated speaker 115.

The recording medium 106, which can be freely attached to or detached from the terminal 10, includes any desired type of recording medium. In alternative to the flash memory 104, any nonvolatile memory that is readable and writable under control of the CUP 101 may be used such as Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM (EEPROM).

In alternative to the outer appearance of FIG. 3 or the hardware structure of FIG. 4, the terminal 10 may be implemented in various other ways. For example, the terminal 10 may be implemented by a desktop or a notebook computer. The camera or the microphone may be incorporated in the terminal 10 or connected to the terminal 10.

The terminal control program may be written onto a recording medium that is readable by a general-purpose computer such as the recording medium 106 in any format that is installable or executable by a general-purpose computer. Once the terminal control program is written onto the recording medium, the recording medium may be distributed. Further, the terminal control program may be stored in any desired memory other than the flash memory 104, such as the ROM 102.

FIG. 5 illustrates a hardware structure of the management system 50 of FIG. 1. The management system 50 includes a CPU 201, a ROM 202, a RAM 203, the HD 204, a hard disk drive (HDD) 205, a medium drive 207, a display 208, a network interface (I/F) 209, a keyboard 211, a mouse 212, a CD-ROM drive 214, and a clock 215, which are electrically connected through a bus 210 such as an address bus or a data bus.

The CPU 201 controls entire operation of the management system 50. The ROM 202 stores a control program for execution by the CPU 201, such as an IPL. The RAM 203 functions as a work area of the CPU 201. The HD 204 stores therein various data such as the transmission management program. The HDD 205 controls reading or writing of various data with respect to the HD 204 under control of the CPU 201. The medium drive 207 controls reading or writing of various data with respect to a removable recording medium 206 such as a flash memory. The display 208 displays various data such as a cursor, menu, window, character, or image. The network I/F 209 allows the management system 50 to transmit data through the communications network 2. The keyboard 211 includes a plurality of keys, each of which is used for inputting a user instruction through a character, a numeral, or a symbol. The mouse 212 allows the user to input a user instruction including, for example, selection or execution of a specific instruction, selection of an area to be processed, and instruction of cursor movement. The CD-ROM drive 214 controls reading or writing of various data with respect to a CD-ROM 213. In alternative to the CD-ROM 213, any removable recording medium may be used. The clock 215 may be implemented by an internal clock of the management system 50, which is capable of counting a time period.

The transmission management program may be written onto a recording medium that is readable by a general-purpose computer such as the recording medium 206 or the CD-ROM 213 in any format that is installable or executable by a general-purpose computer. Once the transmission management program is written onto the recording medium, the recording medium may be distributed. Further, the transmission management program may be stored in any desired memory other than the HD 204, such as the ROM 202.

The relay device 30 is substantially similar in hardware structure to the management system 50 of FIG. 5, except for replacement of the management program with a relay device control program that is used for controlling the relay device 30. The relay device control program may be written onto a recording medium that is readable by a general-purpose computer such as the recording medium 206 or the CD-ROM 213 in any format that is installable or executable by the general-purpose computer. Once the relay device control program is written onto the recording medium, the recording medium may be distributed. Further, the relay device control program may be stored in any desired memory other than the HD 204, such as the ROM 202.

The program providing system 90 is substantially similar in hardware structure to the management system 50 of FIG. 5, except for replacement of the management program with a program providing program that is used for controlling the program providing system 90. The program providing program may be written onto a recording medium that is readable by a general-purpose computer such as the recording medium 206 or the CD-ROM 213 in any format that is installable or executable by the general-purpose computer. Once the program providing program is written onto the recording medium, the recording medium may be distributed. Further, the program providing program may be stored in any desired memory other than the HD 204, such as the ROM 202.

The maintenance system 100 is substantially similar in hardware structure to the management system 50 of FIG. 5, except for replacement of the management program with a maintenance program that is used for controlling the maintenance system 100. The maintenance program may be written onto a recording medium that is readable by a general-purpose computer such as the recording medium 206 or the CD-ROM 213 in any format that is installable or executable by the general-purpose computer. Once the maintenance program is written onto the recording medium, the recording medium may be distributed. Further, the maintenance program may be stored in any desired memory other than the HD 204, such as the ROM 202.

Other examples of removable recording medium, which may be used in replace of the CD-ROM 213, include, but not limited to, compact disc recordable (CD-R) disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), and blue ray disc.

<Functional Structure of Transmission System>

Next, a functional structure of the transmission system of FIG. 1 is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating functional structures of the transmission system 1. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the terminal 10, the relay device 30, and the management system 50 exchange data with one another through the communications network 2. In FIG. 6, the program providing system 90 and the maintenance system 100 of FIG. 1 are omitted.

<Functional Structure of Terminal>

The terminal 10 includes a data transmitter/receiver 11, an operation input 12, a login request 13, an imaging unit 14, a sound input 15 a, a sound output 15 b, a display control 16, and a memory control 19. These units shown in FIG. 6 correspond to a plurality of functions or functional modules, which are executed according to an instruction of the CPU 101 (FIG. 4) that is generated according to the terminal control program being loaded from the flash memory 104 onto the RAM 103. The terminal 10 further includes a memory 1000 that may be implemented by the flash memory 104 and the RAM 103 of FIG. 4.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 6, a functional structure of the terminal 10 is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, in this example, the operations or functions that are performed by the terminal 10, which include the operations or functions performed by the units shown in FIG. 6, are performed in relation to one or more hardware devices of the terminal 10 that are shown in FIG. 4.

The data transmitter/receiver 11, which may be implemented by the network OF 111 (FIG. 4) under control of the CPU 101, transmits or receives various data or information to or from another terminal, device, or system, through the communications network 2. In this example, the data transmitter/receiver 11 starts receiving the operation state information that indicates the operation state of each candidate counterpart terminal 10 from the management system 50, before starting communication with any counterpart terminal 10. The operation state of the candidate terminal 10 indicates whether the candidate terminal 10 is online or offline. When the terminal 10 is online, the operation state of the candidate terminal 10 further indicates whether the candidate terminal 10 is available for communication (“communication OK”), the candidate terminal 10 is having communication with the other terminal (“communicating”), or the candidate terminal 10 is not available as the user leaves the seat. The operation state of the candidate terminal 10 may further indicate whether the candidate terminal 10 is online but in trouble or error (“online, communicating, trouble”), the candidate terminal 10 is online but not capable of outputting image data such that only sound data is output, or the candidate terminal 10 is online but in mute state (“online, mute”) such that sound data is not output. For example, when the cable 120 c is disconnected from the terminal 10, the operation state of the candidate terminal 10 is assumed to be in the trouble state. For the descriptive purposes, in the following examples, it is assumed that the operation state information indicates whether the candidate terminal 10 is online (“online”) or offline (“offline”), and if online, whether the candidate terminal 10 is communicating (“communicating”).

The operation input 12 receives a user instruction input by the user through the operation key 108 or the power switch 109 (FIG. 4), under control of the instructions received from the CPU 101. For example, when the user selects “ON” using the power switch 109, the operation input 12 receives a user instruction for turning the power on, and causes the terminal 10 to turn on the power.

The operations or functions of the login request 13 are performed according to an instruction received from the CPU 101 (FIG. 4). When the power of the terminal 10 is turned on, the login request 13 automatically causes the data transmitter/receiver 11 to send login request information that requests the login process, and a current IP address of the terminal 10, to the management system 50 through the communications network 2. When the power of the terminal 10 is turned off according to a user instruction received from the user through the power switch 109, the login request 13 causes the data transmitter/receiver 11 to send current operation state information of the terminal 10 to the management system 50, which indicates that the power of the terminal 10 is turned of After the operation state information is sent, the operation input 12 turns off the power of the terminal 10. As the operation state information of the terminal 10 is sent every time the power is turned off, the management system 50 is able to know that the terminal 10 is offline in realtime.

The operations or functions of the imaging unit 14 of the terminal 10 are performed by the camera 112 and the imaging element I/F 113 according to an instruction received from the CPU 101 (FIG. 4). The imaging unit 14 takes an image of an object to output image data of the object.

The operations or functions of the sound input 15 a of the terminal 10 are performed by the sound I/O I/F 116 according to an instruction received from the CPU 101, in cooperation with the microphone 114. After the microphone 114 converts sounds of the user at the terminal 10 to a sound signal, the sound input 15 a inputs the sound signal in the form of sound data for further processing. The operations or functions of the sound output 15 b of the terminal 10 are performed by the sound I/O I/F 116 according to an instruction received from the CPU 101, in cooperation with the speaker 115. The sound output 15 b outputs a sound signal of sound data that is received from the counterpart terminal 10 through the speaker 115.

The operations or functions of the display control 16 of the terminal 10 are performed by the display I/F 117 according to an instruction received from the CPU 101 (FIG. 4). The display control 16 controls transmit of image data, which is generated based on image data received from the counterpart terminal 10, to the display 120.

The memory control 19 is implemented by the SSD 105 of FIG. 4 according to an instruction received from the CPU 101. The memory control 19 stores various data in the memory 1000, or reads out various data from the memory 1000. The memory 1000 stores therein various data such as terminal identification (ID) information for identifying the terminal 10, and a password for authenticating a user at the terminal 10. The memory 1000 further stores therein image data and/or sound data that is received as the terminal 10 communicates with a counterpart terminal 10 such that the image data and/or sound data are overwritten. Before the image data is overwritten, an image generated based on the image data is displayed onto the display 120. Before the sound data is output, sounds generated based on the sound data is output through the speaker 150.

In this example, any one of the terminal ID of the terminal 10 and the relay device ID of the relay device 30 includes any type of identification information that can be expressed by any language, character, symbol, mark, or any combination of language, character, symbol, and mark.

<Functional Structure of Relay Device>

Now, a functional structure of the relay device 30 is explained. The relay device 30 includes a data transmitter/receiver 31, a relay unit 32, and a memory control 39. These units shown in FIG. 6 correspond to a plurality of functions or functional modules, which are executed according to an instruction of the CPU 201 (FIG. 5) that is generated according to the relay device control program being loaded from the HD 204 onto the RAM 203. The relay device 30 further includes a memory 3000 that may be implemented by the RAM 203 and/or the HD 204 (FIG. 5).

(Functional Structure of Relay Device)

Next, a functional structure of the relay device 30 is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, in this example, the operations or functions that are performed by the relay device 30, which include the operations or functions performed by the units shown in FIG. 6 are performed in cooperation with one or more hardware devices of the relay device 30 that are shown in FIG. 5.

The data transmitter/receiver 31, which may be implemented by the network I/F 209 (FIG. 5), transmits or receives various data or information to or from another terminal, device, or system, through the communications network 2, under control of instructions received from the CPU 201.

The relay unit 32, which may be implemented by instructions received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), relays contents data between or among the terminals 10 through the data transmitter/receiver 31, in the contents data session “sed”.

The memory control 39 is implemented by the HDD 205 of FIG. 5 according to an instruction received from the CPU 201. The memory control 39 stores various data in the memory 3000, or reads out various data from the memory 3000.

<Functional Structure of Management System>

The management system 50 includes a data transmitter/receiver 51, a terminal authenticator 52, a state manager 53, a relay device selector 56, a session manager 57, a memory control 59, a reservation extractor 61, a reservation determiner 62, and a generator 63. These units shown in FIG. 6 correspond to a plurality of functions or functional modules, which are executed according to an instruction of the CPU 201 (FIG. 5) that is generated according to the transmission management program being loaded from the RD 204 onto the RAM 203. The management system 50 further includes a memory 5000, which may be implemented by the HD 204 (FIG. 5).

(Relay Device Management Table)

The memory 5000 includes a relay device management database (DB) 5001, which stores therein a relay device management table of FIG. 7. The relay device management table of FIG. 7 stores the IP address of the relay device 30 for each relay device ID of the relay device 30. For example, for the relay device 30 a having the relay terminal ID “111a”, the relay device management table of FIG. 7 indicates that the IP address of the relay device 30 a is “1.2.1.2”.

(Terminal Authentication Management Table)

The memory 5000 further includes a terminal authentication management database (DB) 5002, which stores a terminal authentication management table of FIG. 8. The terminal authentication management table of FIG. 8 stores a plurality of terminal IDs respectively assigned to the terminals 10 that are managed by the management system 50, in association with a plurality of passwords that are previously determined for the respective terminals 10. For example, referring to the terminal authentication management table of FIG. 8, the terminal 10 aa having the terminal ID “01aa” is assigned with the password “aaaa”.

(Terminal Management Table)

The memory 5000 further includes a terminal management database (DB) 5003, which stores a terminal management table of FIG. 9. The terminal management table of FIG. 9 stores, for each one of the terminal IDs assigned to the terminals 10, the terminal name to be used for communication with the terminal 10, the operation state of the terminal 10, and the IP address of the terminal 10. For example, for the terminal 10 aa having the terminal ID “01aa”, the terminal management table of FIG. 9 indicates that the terminal name is “Japan Tokyo Office AA terminal”, the operation state is online (“ONLINE”), and the IP address of the terminal 10 aa is “1.2.1.3”.

(Session Management Table)

The memory 5000 further includes a session management database (DB) 5005, which stores a session management table of FIG. 10. The session management table of FIG. 10 stores information regarding each of the sessions that are currently carried out by at least two terminals 10 of the transmission system 1. More specifically, for each session ID that uniquely identifies each contents data session “sed” being carried, the session management table of FIG. 10 stores a reservation ID that identifies a reserved conference that corresponds to the contents data session “sed”, a relay device ID of the relay device 30 that transmits or receives contents data such as image data and sound data through the contents data session “sed”, a terminal ID of each one of the terminals 10 currently participating in the contents data session “sed”. For example, referring to the session management table of FIG. 10, the contents data session having the session ID “se03” is a session to carry out a conference that is previously scheduled with the reservation ID “rsv08”, using the relay device 30 having the relay device ID “111c” that relays contents data between the terminal 10 ae having the terminal ID “01ae” and the terminal 10 dc having the terminal ID “01dc”. For any contents data session that is not established to carry out a reserved conference, the “reservation ID” field remains blank.

(Reservation Management Table)

The memory 5000 further stores a reservation management database (DB) 5009, which stores a reservation management table of FIG. 11. The reservation management table of FIG. 11 is used to manage various information regarding a conference that is previously scheduled as a reserved conference. The reservation management table of FIG. 11 stores, for each of the reservation IDs that uniquely identifies a reserved conference, the date and time at which the reserved conference is scheduled to start, the date and time at which the reserved conference is scheduled to end, the conference name to be used for identifying the reserved conference, and the terminal ID of each one of the terminals 10 that are registered as the terminals 10 participating in the reserved conference. For example, referring to the reservation management table of FIG. 11, the conference assigned with the reservation ID “rsv03” is scheduled to start at “2011/11/10, 15:00 PM” and end at “2011/11/10, 17:00 PM”. The conference has the conference name “Security meeting”. The terminal IDs of the participating terminals 10 are “01ca” and “01db”. The reservation ID, the start date/time, the end date/time, the conference name, and the terminal ID of the reservation management table may be managed by the management system 50, according to an instruction received through the terminal 10, for example, by adding or deleting the contents in each data field through the memory control 59.

(Functional Structure of Management System)

Next, a functional structure of the management system 50 is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the operations or functions that are performed by the management system 50, which include the operations or functions performed by the units shown in FIG. 6, are performed in relation to one or more hardware devices of the management system 50 that are shown in FIG. 5.

The data transmitter/receiver 51, which may be implemented by the network I/F 209 (FIG. 5) according to an instruction received from the CPU 201, transmits or receives various data or information to or from another terminal, device, or system through the communications network 2. More specifically, in one example, the data transmitter/receiver 51 functions as a connection controller, which transmits relay device connection information to the terminal 10 to control connection between the terminal 10 and the relay device 30. In another example, the data transmitter/receiver 51 functions as a receiver, which receives communication start request information to accept a request to start communication between or among the terminals 10. In another example, the data transmitter/receiver 51 functions as an output unit, which transmits response information indicating a response with respect to the communication start request, to the terminal 10.

Under control of the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), the terminal authenticator 52 obtains a terminal ID and a password from the login request information that is received from the data transmitter/receiver 51. Using the terminal ID and the password as a search key, the terminal authenticator 52 searches the terminal authentication management DB 5002 (FIG. 8) to determine whether the obtained set of terminal ID and password is registered. Based on the search result, the terminal authenticator 52 determines whether the user at the terminal 10 or the terminal 10 is allowed for access.

The state manager 53, which operates according to an instruction received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), manages the operation state of the terminal 10 such as the operation state of the request terminal 10 that sends the login request information, using the terminal management table stored in the terminal management DB 5003 (FIG. 9). The terminal management DB 5003 stores therein the terminal ID of the terminal 10, the operation state of the terminal 10, and the IP address of the terminal 10, in association with one another. For example, when the power of the terminal 10 is switched from the ON state to the OFF state according to a user instruction received through the power switch 109, the state manager 53 receives the operation state information of the terminal 10 indicating that the terminal 10 is turned off, from the terminal 10. Based on the operation state information of the terminal 10, the state manager 53 changes the operation state information of the terminal 10 that is stored in the terminal management DB 5003 from the on-line state to the off-line state.

The relay device selector 56, which operates according to the instructions received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), selects one of the relay devices 30 that is used to relay contents data between or among the plurality of terminals 10 through the contents data session “sed”.

The session manager 57, which operates according to the instructions received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), generates a session ID for identifying the contents data session “sed”, as the contents data session “sed” is newly established between or among the terminals 10. The session manager 57 stores the session ID, the reservation ID that uniquely identifies the reserved conference on which the contents data session “sed” is based, and the terminal ID of each one of the terminals 10 participating in that session, in a corresponding manner, in the session management DB 5005 (FIG. 10) of the memory 5000. The session manager 57 further stores, for each session ID, the relay device ID of the relay device 30 that is selected by the relay device selector 56 as a relay device that relays contents data, in the session management DB 5005 (FIG. 10).

The memory control 59 is implemented by the HDD 205 of FIG. 5 according to an instruction received from the CPU 201. The memory control 59 stores various data in the memory 5000, or reads out various data from the memory 5000.

The reservation extractor 61, which operates according to the instructions received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), searches the reservation management table stored in the reservation management DB (FIG. 11) using a reservation ID obtained from the request terminal 10, which requests for starting communication with the counterpart terminal 10, to obtain the terminal ID of one or more terminals 10 that are stored in association with the reservation ID of the request terminal 10. The reservation extractor 61 further searches the reservation management table stored in the reservation management DB (FIG. 11) using a reservation ID obtained from the counterpart terminal 10 to obtain the terminal ID of one or more terminals 10 that are stored in association with the reservation ID of the counterpart terminal 10. The reservation extractor 61 may further search the reservation management table (FIG. 11) using the reservation ID as a search key to extract additional information regarding the reserved conference, such as the date/time at which the reserved conference is scheduled to start, the date/time at which the reserved conference is scheduled to end, and a name of the reserved conference.

The reservation determiner 62, which operates according to the instructions received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), determines whether the reservation ID associated with the request terminal 10, which is extracted by the reservation extractor 61, matches the reservation ID associated with the counterpart terminal 10. The reservation determiner 62 further determines whether to accept or reject the communication start request, based on the determination result indicating whether the reservation IDs match between the request terminal 10 and the counterpart terminal 10.

The generator 63, which operates according to the instruction received from the CPU 201 (FIG. 5), generates a message in response to the communication start request received from the terminal 10.

<Operation of Transmission System>

Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13, operation of transmitting or receiving various management data in preparation for communication by the terminal 10 aa, performed by the transmission system of FIG. 1, is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a data sequence diagram illustrating operation of registering a conference to be performed between or among the plurality of terminals 10. In FIG. 12, the management data is transmitted or received through the management data session “sei” of FIG. 2. FIG. 15 is an illustration of an example registration screen to be displayed to the user at the request terminal 10 aa.

Referring to FIG. 12, at S21, the user at the request terminal 10 aa turns on the power of the request terminal 10 aa through the power switch 109 (FIG. 4). The operation input 12 of the request terminal 10 aa (FIG. 6) turns on the power of the request terminal 10 aa.

At S22, as the power of the request terminal 10 aa is turned on, the login request 13 of the request terminal 10 aa automatically causes the data transmitter/receiver 11 to send the login request information that requests the login process to the management system 50 through the communications network 2. The login request information includes a terminal ID that identifies the request terminal 10 aa, and a password associated with the terminal ID of the request terminal 10 aa. The terminal ID and the password may be obtained by the memory control 19 from the memory 1000, and sent to the data transmitter/receiver 11. At the time of sending the login request information from the request terminal 10 aa to the management system 50, the request terminal 10 aa sends an IP address of the request terminal 10 aa such that the management system 50 can obtain the IP address of the request terminal 10 aa.

At S23, the terminal authenticator 52 of the management system 50 searches the terminal authentication management table (FIG. 8) stored in the memory 5000 using the terminal ID and the password of the login request information received through the data transmitter/receiver 51, to determine whether the terminal ID and the password stored in the terminal authentication management table matches the terminal ID and the password of the login request information. When it is determined that the terminal ID and the password of the login request information matches the terminal ID and the password stored in the terminal authentication management DB 5002, the terminal authenticator 52 determines that the terminal 10 aa is authenticated.

At S24, when the terminal authenticator 52 authenticates that the login request information is received from the authenticated terminal 10, the state manager 53 of the management system 50 stores the operation state and the IP address of the terminal 10 aa, with respect to the terminal ID and the terminal name of the terminal 10 aa in the terminal management table (FIG. 9) to create or update a record of the terminal 10 aa. Using the terminal management table of FIG. 9, which stores the operations state of online and the terminal IP address of “1.2.1.3” in association with the terminal ID “01aa” and the terminal name “AA Terminal”, various information regarding the terminal 10 aa can be managed.

At S25, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 sends the authentication result obtained by the terminal authenticator 52 to the request terminal 10 aa that has sent the login request information through the communications network 2. As described above, in this example, it is assumed that the terminal authenticator 52 determines that the terminal 10 aa is an authenticated terminal.

At S26, the display control 16 of the terminal 10 aa displays a registration screen of FIG. 13 on the display 120 aa. Through the registration screen, the user at the terminal 10 aa inputs various information regarding a conference to be registered. The operation input 12 receives a user input including, for example, the conference name, the start date/time, the end date/time, and one or more terminals 10 that are scheduled to participate in the conference.

At S27, the data transmitter/receiver 11 of the terminal 10 aa transmits conference reservation registration information (“reservation registration information”) to request for registering a conference, to the management system 50. More specifically, the conference reservation registration information includes various information obtained through the user input, such as the conference name, the start date/time, the end date/time, and the terminal ID of each of the terminals 10 that are scheduled to participate in that conference. At S28, when the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 receives the reservation registration information, the memory control 59 stores the received reservation registration information, such as the conference name, the start date/time, the end date/time, and the terminal IDs of the participating terminals 10, in the registration management table of FIG. 11, in association with a reservation ID that identifies the reserved conference that is registered. In this example, the reservation ID may be generated at the management system 50 or at the terminal 10 aa, when registering the conference. For example, assuming that the user at the terminal 10 aa inputs various information as illustrated in FIG. 13, the reservation management table of FIG. 11 stores, for the reservation ID “rsv02”, the start date/time “2011/11/10 13:30”, the end date/time “2011/11/10 14:50”, the conference name “Strategy Meeting”, and the terminal IDs “01aa” “01ab” and “01db” that respectively correspond to the terminal 10 aa, the terminal 10 ab, and the terminal 10 db. The operation of registering the conference ends at S28.

Referring now to FIG. 14, operation of starting communication based on reservation, in response to a request received from the terminal 10 aa, performed by the communication system 1, is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a data sequence diagram illustrating operation of starting communication between the terminal 10 aa and the terminal 10 db. In FIG. 14, various management data is transmitted or received through a management data session “sei”.

In this example, the memory 1000 of the terminal 10 aa stores a terminal name and a terminal ID for each one of one or more candidate counterpart terminals 10. The display control 16 causes the display 120 aa to display the terminal name of each one of the candidate counterpart terminals, which are stored in the memory 1000.

As the user at the request terminal 10 aa uses the operation key 108 of FIG. 3 to select the terminal 10 db as a counterpart terminal, at S41, the operation input 12 receives a user instruction for starting communication with the counterpart terminal 10 db.

At S42, the data transmitter/receiver 11 of the terminal 10 aa transmits start request information, which requests starting of communication, to the management system 50. The start request information includes the terminal ID “01aa” of the request terminal 10 that requests for starting communication, and the terminal ID “01db” of the counterpart terminal 10 db that is selected by the request terminal 10 aa. The data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 receives the communication start request information (“communication start request”), which requests to start communication between the terminal 10 aa and the terminal 10 db.

At S43, the management system 50, which receives the communication start request, determines whether to accept the communication start request based on information regarding reservation of communication, as described below referring to FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating operation of determining whether to accept a communication start request. FIG. 16 is an illustration of example messages that may be generated by the generator 63, in response to the communication start request.

Referring to FIG. 15, at S43-1, the reservation extractor 61 searches the reservation management table (FIG. 11) using the terminal ID “01aa” of the request terminal 10 aa as a search key to obtain the reservation ID of a reserved conference of the request terminal 10 aa, based on the start date/time of the reserved conference. In this example, the reservation extractor 61 obtains information regarding the current date/time based on the output of the clock 215 (FIG. 5), and determines whether there is any reserved conference for the request terminal 10 aa in the reservation management table (FIG. 11) that is scheduled to start in less than five minutes, based on the start date/time of the reserved conference. Based on determination that there is at least one reserved conference that is scheduled to start in less than five minutes, the reservation extractor 61 extracts a reservation ID associated with the reserved conference that is scheduled to start in less than five minutes. By extracting information regarding the reserved conference that is scheduled to start in less than five minutes, the management system 50 may prevent the terminal 10 from starting communication that is not based on the reserved conference, just before the reserved conference is about to start. Alternatively, the reservation extractor 61 of the management system 50 may be programmed to start operation of determining whether there is any reserved conference that is scheduled to start soon at any desired time. For example, the reservation extractor 61 may extract the reserved conference, which is scheduled to start in less than 30 minutes. In another example, the reservation extractor 61 may extract the reserved conference, which is scheduled to start at any time on the same date.

At S43-2, the reservation extractor 61 searches the reservation management table

(FIG. 11) using the terminal ID “01db” of the counterpart terminal 10 db as a search key to extract a reservation ID of the counterpart terminal 10 db, which is associated with the reserved conference that is scheduled to start in less than 5 minutes, in a substantially similar manner as described above referring to S43-1.

At S43-3, the reservation determiner 62 determines whether the reservation ID is extracted, respectively, for the request terminal 10 aa and the counterpart terminal 10 db, based on whether the reservation ID is extracted at S43-1 and S43-2. When it is determined that the reservation ID is not extracted for each one of the request terminal 10 aa and the counterpart terminal 10 db (“NO” at S43-3), the operation proceeds to S43-4. At S43-4, the reservation determiner 62 determines whether one of the reservation ID for the request terminal 10 aa (extracted at S43-1) or the reservation ID for the counterpart terminal 10 db (extracted at S43-2) is extracted. When it is determined that there is one of the reservation ID for the request terminal 10 aa or the reservation ID for the counterpart terminal 10 db, which is extracted (“YES” at S43-4), the operation proceeds to S43-6-1. At S43-6-1, the reservation determiner 62 determines to reject the communication start request, so that the user at one of the request terminal 10 or the counterpart terminal 10 having the reserved conference is able to start communication based on the reserved conference on time.

At S43-9-1, the generator 63 generates a message indicating that the communication start request is rejected. In one example, assuming that the reservation ID is extracted only for the counterpart terminal 10 db, the generator 63 may generate a message (A-1) of FIG. 16A with the terminal name of the counterpart terminal 10 db having the reserved conference. In another example, when the reservation ID is extracted only for the request terminal 10 aa, the generator 63 may generate a message (A-2) of FIG. 16A with information regarding the reserved conference extracted for the request terminal 10 aa such as the conference name, the start date/time, and the end date/time. In another example, when the reservation ID that is extracted for either one of the request terminal 10 aa or the counterpart terminal 10 db is associated with the reserved conference having the start date/time before the current date/time, the generator 63 further generates a message indicating a time period until the start date/time of the reserved conference, for example, as illustrated in (A-3) and (A-4) of FIG. 16A.

Referring back to S43-4, when it is determined that there is no reservation ID for the request terminal 10 aa or the counterpart terminal 10 db (“NO” at S43-4), the operation proceeds to S43-6-2. At S43-6-2, the reservation determiner 62 determines that there is no reserved conference for the request terminal 10 aa or the counterpart terminal 10 db, and determines to accept the communication start request.

At S43-9-2, the generator 63 generates a message confirming that communication will be started with the counterpart terminal 10 db, for example, in response to the user selection of the “START” key, as illustrated in (B) of FIG. 16B.

Referring back to S43-3, when it is determined that the reservation ID is extracted, respectively, for the request terminal 10 aa and the counterpart terminal 10 db (“YES” at S43-3), the operation proceeds to S43-5. At S43-5, the reservation determiner 62 determines whether the reservation ID associated with the request terminal 10 aa matches the reservation ID associated with the counterpart terminal 10 db. When it is determined that the reservation ID for the request terminal 10 aa matches the reservation ID for the counterpart terminal 10 db(“YES” at S43-5), the reservation determiner 62 determines that the request terminal 10 aa and the counterpart terminal 10 db are scheduled to participate in the same reserved conference, and the operation proceeds to S43-6-3. At S43-6-3, the reservation determiner 62 determines to accept the communication start request.

At S43-9-3, the generator 63 generates a message indicating that the communication can start, with the terminal name of the counterpart terminal 10 db, the conference name of the reserved conference, the start date/time, the end date/time, and the “START” key allowing the user to start communication, as illustrated in (C-1) of FIG. 16B. In another example, when the reservation IDs that are common to the request terminal 10 aa and the counterpart terminal 10 db are associated with the reserved conference having the start date/time before the current date/time, the generator 63 may further generate a message indicating a time period until the start date/time of the reserved conference, for example, as illustrated in (C-2) of FIG. 16B.

At S43-5, when it is determined that the reservation ID associated with the request terminal 10 aa does not match the reservation ID associated with the counterpart terminal 10 db(“NO” at S43-5), the operation proceeds to S43-6-4. At S43-6-4, the reservation determiner 62 determines to reject the communication start request, so that the user at one of the request terminal 10 or the counterpart terminal 10 having the reserved conference is able to start communication based on the reserved conference on time.

At S43-9-5, the generator 63 generates a message indicating that the communication start request is rejected, for example, as illustrated in (A-2) of FIG. 16A. More specifically, assuming that the request terminal 10 aa has the reserved conference, the message includes the conference name of the reserved conference associated with the request terminal 10 aa, the start date/time, and the end date/time. When the reserved conference having the extracted reservation ID has the start date/time before the current date/time, the generator 63 may generate a message indicating a time period until the start date/time of the reserved conference, for example, as illustrated in (A-4) of FIG. 16A.

Referring back to FIG. 14, at S44, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 sends a response including the terminal ID “01aa” of the request terminal 10 aa, the terminal ID “01db” of the counterpart terminal 10 db, and the message generated at any one of S43-9-1, S43-9-2, S43-9-3, and S43-9-5. When the reservation ID associated with the request terminal 10 aa and the reservation ID associated with the counterpart terminal 10 db match (“YES” at S43-5), the data transmitter/receiver 51 sends the response that further includes the reservation ID that is common to the request terminal 10 aa and the counterpart terminal 10 db.

At S45, based on the response received from the management system 50, the data transmitter/receiver 11 of the request terminal 10 aa receives the response in response to the communication start request. The terminal 10 aa causes the display control 16 to display the message included in the response on the display 120 aa, for example, as illustrated in FIGS. 16A and 16B.

More specifically, in case the response indicates to reject the communication start request, as the user at the terminal 10 aa selects the “OK” key in any one of the messages (A-1), (A-2), (A-3), and (A-4) of FIG. 16A, the operation input 12 accepts confirmation from the user that the communication is not started. In case the response indicates to accept the communication start request, as the user at the terminal 10 aa selects the “START” key in any one of the messages (B), (C-1), and (C-2) of FIG. 16B, the operation input 12 accepts confirmation from the user that the communication is started. For the descriptive purposes, in this example, it is assumed that the operation input 12 accepts confirmation from the user that the communication is started.

At S46, the data transmitter/receiver 11 of the request terminal 10 aa sends confirmation information to the management system 50, which indicates that confirmation of the communication start request is received with the terminal ID “01aa” of the request terminal 10 aa and the terminal ID “01db” of the counterpart terminal 10 db. When the reservation ID is received at S44, the data transmitter/receiver 11 transmits the confirmation information including the received reservation ID to the management system 50.

At S47, based on the confirmation information, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 accepts confirmation from the request terminal 10 aa to start communication. The state manager 53 of the management system 50 refers to the terminal management table (FIG. 9) to specify a record associated with the terminal IDs “01aa” and “01db” of the terminals 10 aa and 10 db, which are obtained from the confirmation information, and change the operation state “field” to “COMMUNICATING”.

At S48, the session manager 57 manages initiation of a contents data session “sed”, using the session management table (FIG. 10). More specifically, the session manager 57 adds the terminal IDs “01aa” and “01db” of the terminals 10 aa and 10 db, which start communication, to the session management table (FIG. 10).

Referring now to FIG. 17, operation of managing information regarding a session, performed by the management system 50, is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention.

At S48-1, the session manager 57 determines whether the session management table (FIG. 10) stores the reservation ID, which matches the reservation ID included in the confirmation information. In this example, when it is determined that the reservation ID is not included in the confirmation information, the session manager 57 determines that the reservation ID that matches the reservation ID of the confirmation information is not stored. When it is determined that the reservation ID that matches the reservation ID of the confirmation information is not stored (“NO” at S48-1), the operation proceeds to S48-2. At S48-2, the session manager 57 generates a session ID for identifying a contents data session “sed” to be established to start communication based on reservation.

At S48-3, the relay device selector 56 selects the relay device 30, which relays contents data to be transmitted or received between the terminals 10 aa and 10 db through the contents data session “sed”. More specifically, the relay device selector 56 arbitrarily selects a relay device ID from the relay device IDs stored in the relay device management table (FIG. 7).

At S48-4, the session manager 57 stores the session ID generated at S48-2, the reservation ID included in the confirmation information, the relay device ID selected at S48-3, and the terminal IDs “10aa” and “10db” of the terminals 10 aa and 10 db, in the session management table (FIG. 10), in association with one another.

When it is determined that the reservation ID that matches the reservation ID of the confirmation information is stored (“YES” at S48-1), the operation proceeds to S48-5. At S48-5, the session manager 57 specifies a record having the reservation ID of the confirmation information in the session management table (FIG. 10), and adds the terminal IDs “01aa” and “01db” of the terminals 10 aa and 10 db, in the terminal ID field of the specified record, such that the terminal IDs “01aa” and “01db” are stored in association with the reservation ID of the confirmation information.

At S48-6, the session manager 57 searches the session management table (FIG. 10) using the reservation ID of the confirmation information as a search key to extract the session ID and the relay device ID that are stored for the reservation ID.

Referring back to FIGS. 14, at S49-1 and S49-2, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 sends the relay device connection information, which is to be used for connecting the relay device 30, respectively, to the terminals 10 aa and 10 db. The relay device 30 may be selected at S48-3 or extracted at S48-6. The relay device connection information includes, for example, the IP address of the relay device 30 that may be read from the relay device management table (FIG. 7), authentication information, a port number, etc. The relay device connection information further includes the session ID generated at S48-2 or extracted at S48-6. With the relay device connection information, the terminals 10 aa and 10 db are able to connect the relay device 30 to transmit or receive the contents data through the relay device 30.

At S50, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 transmits the relay start request information that requests for starting relay for the request terminal 10 aa, to the relay device 30 selected at S48-3 or extracted at S48-6. The relay start request information includes the IP addresses of the terminal 10 aa and the terminal 10 db, and the session ID generated at S48-2 or extracted at S48-6. The memory control 39 of the relay device 30 stores the received session ID, and the IP addresses of the terminals 10 aa and 10 dbin the memory 3000. The relay unit 32 relays contents data transmitted from the request terminal 10 aa to the terminal 10 db via the data transmitter/receiver 31, using the IP address of the terminal 10 db stored in the memory 3000. The relay unit 32 further relays contents data transmitted from the terminal 10 db to the terminal 10 aa via the data transmitter/receiver 31, using the IP address of the terminal 10 aa stored in the memory 3000. More specifically, the contents data session “sed” is established between the terminal 10 aa and the terminal 10 db to exchange contents data.

Referring now to FIG. 18, operation of processing a request for leaving from the contents data session “sed” received from the request terminal 10 db, performed by the transmission system 1 of FIG. 1, is explained according to an example embodiment of the present invention. In this example, it is assumed that the request terminal 10 db requests to leave from the contents data session “sed” after the contents data session “sed” is established among the terminals 10 aa, 10 ab, and 10 db, to end the conference. In this example illustrated in FIG. 18, various management data is transmitted or received through the management data session “sei”.

At S61, as the user at the request terminal 10 db presses the operation key 108 (FIG. 4), the operation input 12 (FIG. 6) of the request terminal 10 db receives a user instruction for ending communication with the counterpart terminals 10 aa and 10 ab. At S62, the data transmitter/receiver 11 of the request terminal 10 db transmits the end request information to the management system 50. The end request information includes the terminal ID “01db” of the request terminal 10 db, and the session ID identifying the contents data session “sed” from which the terminal 10 db wants to leave.

At S63, the state manager 53 of the management system 50 specifies a record in the terminal management table (FIG. 9) stored in the terminal management DB 5003, which corresponds to the terminal ID “01db” of the request terminal 10 db that is included in the end request information to manage the specified record. More specifically, the state manager 53 changes the operation state of the terminal 10 db from “Communicating” to “Online”.

At S64, the session manager 57 of the management system 50 refers to the session management table (FIG. 10) stored in the session management DB 5005 to delete the terminal ID “01db” of the request terminal 10 db, from the “Terminal ID” data field of the specified record.

In case all of the terminal IDs are deleted from the “Terminal ID” data field of the session management table, the session manager 57 extracts the reservation ID in the record associated with the terminal ID “01db”. At S65, the memory control 59 deletes the record having the reservation ID from the reservation management table (FIG. 11). This results in deletion of the reservation information regarding the communication that ends, from the reservation management table.

At S66, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 transmits the end information including the IP address of the request terminal 10 db and the session ID to the relay device 30.

At S66, the memory control 39 of the relay device 30 deletes the IP address of the terminal 10 db, which is stored in the memory 3000 in association with the received session ID. With this deletion, the relay unit 32 stops relaying contents data, which may be received from the terminal 10 db, to the terminals 10 ab and 10 aa, through the data transmitter/receiver 31. The relay unit 32 further stops relaying contents data, which may be received from the terminal 10 ab or 10 aa, to the terminal 10 db, through the data transmitter/receiver 31.

Through operation of FIG. 18, the terminal 10 db leaves from the contents data session “sed” to end communication with the terminals 10 aa and 10 db.

In the above-described example, the reservation determiner 62 of the management system 50 determines whether the reservation ID associated with the request terminal 10 matches the reservation ID associated with the counterpart terminal 10. When they do not match, the reservation determiner 62 determines to reject the communication start request, for example, as described above referring to S43-6-4. More specifically, the communication start request for starting communication between the request terminal and the counterpart terminal is rejected unless the communication to be started is based on the reserved conference that is common to the request terminal and the counterpart terminal. This prevents the counterpart terminal from accepting the communication stat request when the counterpart terminal is about to start communication based on the reserved conference.

In another example, the reservation determiner 62 of the management system 50 determines to accept the communication start request, when none of the reservation ID associated with the request terminal 10 and the reservation ID associated with the counterpart terminal 10 are extracted, for example, as described above referring to S43-6-2. When the communication start request, not based on the reserved conference, is received, the management system 50 is able to determine whether to accept or reject the communication start request.

Further, in this example, when it is determined to accept the communication start request, the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 transmits the relay device connection information to the terminal 10, so as to control connection between or among the terminals 10.

Furthermore, the management system 50 manages the relay device ID for each one of a plurality of relay devices 30 relaying contents data through the contents data session “sed”, using the session management table (FIG. 10). The data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50 transmits the relay device connection information to the terminal 10, which is used to connect the relay device 30 having the relay device ID extracted from the session management table (FIG. 10). This allows the management system 50 to effectively control connections among the terminals 10, even when there are more than two terminals 10 that are communicating based on the reserved conference.

Further, in this example, the reservation extractor 61 of the management system 50 extracts the reservation ID based on the start date/time and the end date/time of the reserved conference. This prevents the terminal 10 from starting communication not based on the reserved conference, when the terminal 10 is about to start communication based on the reserved conference.

Numerous additional modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosure of the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. For example, elements and/or features of different illustrative embodiments may be combined with each other and/or substituted for each other within the scope of this disclosure and appended claims.

Further, in any one of the above-described examples, any one of the terminals 10 may be identified using any information other than the terminal ID for identifying the terminal 10, as long as each user who operates the terminal 10 can be identified. In one example, the terminal 10 may be identified using a user ID that uniquely identifies the user who operates the terminal 10. In such case, at S22 of FIG. 12, the management system 50 receives the login request information including the user 1D and the password, from the terminal 10. The management system 50 manages various information regarding the user, using the user ID. For example, the session management table of FIG. 10 may store, for each session being carried out, the session ID, the reservation ID, the relay device ID, and one or more user IDs each identifying the user who is participating in the session using the terminal 10. The reservation management table of FIG. 11 may store, for each reserved conference that is registered, the start date/time, the end date/time, the conference name, and one or more user IDs each identifying the user who is scheduled to attend in the reserved conference. Through managing various information based on the user ID that uniquely identifies the user, the management system 50 is able to manage information by user even when one user is using more than one terminal 10 or even when one terminal 10 is shared by more than one user.

Furthermore, in any one of the above-described examples, the terminal 10 that requests for registration of a conference, and the terminal 10 that requests to start communication based on the reserved conference may be different.

Further, the relay device 30, the management system 50, the program providing system 90, and the maintenance system 100 may be each implemented by a single computer. Alternatively, any number of parts, functions, or modules of the relay device 30, the management system 50, the program providing system 90, and the maintenance system 100 may be classified into a desired number of groups to be carried out by a plurality of computers. In case the program providing system 90 is implemented by the single computer, the program to be provided by the program providing system 90 may be transmitted, one module by one module, after dividing into a plurality of modules, or may be transmitted at once. In case the program providing system 90 is implemented as a plurality of computers, each computer may transmit each module that is stored in its memory, after the program is divided into a plurality of modules.

A recording medium storing any one of the terminal control program, relay device control program, and transmission management program, or a storage device such as the HDD 204 that stores any one of the terminal control program, relay device control program, and transmission management program, or the program providing system 90 provided with the HD 204 storing any one of the terminal control program, relay device control program, and transmission management program, may be distributed within the country or to another country as a computer program product.

Further, in the above-described examples, the relay device 1P address of the relay device 30 and the terminal IP address of the terminal 10 are respectively managed using the relay device management table of FIG. 7 and the terminal management table of FIG. 9. Alternatively, the relay device 30 and the terminal 10 may each be managed using any other identification information or using any other tables. For example, when the relay device 30 or the terminal 10 needs to be identified on the communications network 2, the relay device 30 or the terminal 10 may be managed using Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN). In such case, the transmission system 1 is provided with a domain name system (DNS) server that obtains the IP address that corresponds to the FQDN of the relay device 30 or the terminal 10. In view of this, identification information for identifying the relay device 30 on the communications network 2 may not only include the identification information that identifies the relay device 30 on the communications network 2, but also identification information that identifies a node on the communications network 2 to which the relay device 30 is connected, or identification information that identifies a node on the communications network 2 from which the relay device 30 is connected. Similarly, identification information for identifying the terminal 10 on the communications network 2 may not only include the identification information that identifies the terminal 10 on the communications network 2, but also identification information that identifies a node on the communications network 2 to which the terminal 10 is connected, or identification information that identifies a node on the communications network 2 from which the terminal 10 is connected.

In the above-described examples, the transmission system 1 of FIG. 1 is treated as a videoconference system. Alternatively, the transmission system 1 of FIG. 1 may be implemented as a teleconference system such as the IP teleconference system or the Internet teleconference system. Alternatively, the transmission system 1 of FIG. 1 may be implemented as a car navigation system. For example, the request terminal 10 may be implemented as a car navigation system that is installed onto an automobile. The counterpart terminal 10 may be implemented as a management terminal or server at a management center that manages the car navigation system or a car navigation system that is installed onto another automobile. Alternatively, the transmission system 1 may be implemented as a screen sharing system.

In another example, the transmission system 1 of FIG. 1 may be implemented as a communication system having a portable phone. In such case, the terminal 10 is implemented as the portable phone. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 19, the terminal 10, or the portable phone 310, includes a body 310-1, a menu screen display button 310-2, a display section 310-3, a microphone 310-4 provided at a lower portion of the body, and a speaker 310-5 provided at an upper portion of the body. When selected, the menu screen display button 310-2 causes the display section 310-3 to display a menu screen in which various icons each indicating a specific application program are displayed. In this example, the display section 310-3 displays a candidate terminal list that lists a plurality of terminal names together with a plurality of icons each reflecting the operation state of each candidate terminal. Since the terminal 10 in this example is implemented as a portable phone 310, the name of a user who owns the specific terminal, or a nickname of the user, is displayed as the terminal name. The display section 310-3 is a touch panel screen, which allows the user to select one of the plurality of terminal names being displayed by the display section 310-3. When a specific terminal name, or a user name, is selected, the portable phone 310 starts communication with the specific terminal that is selected in a substantially similar manner as described above.

Further, in the above-described examples, the transmission system 1 is implemented as a videoconference system for use at offices. Other examples of use of the transmission system 1 include, but not limited to, meetings, casual conversation among family members or friends, and distribution of information in one direction.

Further, any of the above-described devices or units can be implemented as a hardware apparatus, such as a special-purpose circuit or device, or as a hardware/software combination, such as a processor executing a software program.

The present invention can be implemented in any convenient form, for example using dedicated hardware, or a mixture of dedicated hardware and software. The present invention may be implemented as computer software implemented by one or more networked processing apparatuses. The network can comprise any conventional terrestrial or wireless communications network, such as the Internet. The processing apparatuses can compromise any suitably programmed apparatuses such as a general purpose computer, personal digital assistant, mobile telephone (such as a WAP or 3G-compliant phone) and so on. Since the present invention can be implemented as software, each and every aspect of the present invention thus encompasses computer software implementable on a programmable device. The computer software can be provided to the programmable device using any storage medium for storing processor readable code such as a floppy disk, hard disk, CD ROM, magnetic tape device or solid state memory device.

The hardware platform includes any desired kind of hardware resources including, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), and a hard disk drive (HDD). The CPU may be implemented by any desired kind of any desired number of processor. The RAM may be implemented by any desired kind of volatile or non-volatile memory. The HDD may be implemented by any desired kind of non-volatile memory capable of storing a large amount of data. The hardware resources may additionally include an input device, an output device, or a network device, depending on the type of the apparatus. Alternatively, the HDD may be provided outside of the apparatus as long as the HDD is accessible. In this example, the CPU, such as a cashe memory of the CPU, and the RAM may function as a physical memory or a primary memory of the apparatus, while the HDD may function as a secondary memory of the apparatus.

In one example, the present invention may reside in a transmission management system including: a receiver to receive a communication start request, which requests to start communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal; a reservation obtainer to obtain first reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal, and second reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal; and a reservation determiner to accept the communication start request when the first reservation identification information matches the second reservation identification information, and to reject the communication start request when the first reservation identification information does not match the second reservation identification information.

For example, the receiver may correspond to the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50, which may be implemented by the network I/F 209 which operates in cooperation with the CPU 201. The reservation obtainer may correspond to the reservation extractor 61 of the management system 50, which operates according to the instructions received from the CPU 201. The reservation determiner corresponds to the reservation determiner 62, which operates according to the instructions received from the CPU 201.

More specifically, when the transmission system allows a request transmission terminal to start communication with a counterpart transmission terminal not based on reservation, in response to a communication start request received from the request transmission terminal, the counterpart transmission terminal may not be able to start communication based on reservation. In view of this, in one example, the reservation determiner 62 of the management system 50 rejects the communication start request, unless the reserved communication reserved for the request transmission terminal 10 matches the reserved communication reserved for the counterpart transmission terminal 10. More specifically, the communication start request, which is not based on reservation that is common to the request transmission terminal 10 and the counterpart transmission terminal 10, is rejected. This prevents the counterpart transmission terminal from not being able to start communication based on reservation due to communication not based on reservation.

The reservation determiner may further determine whether to accept or reject the communication start request, based on whether the first reservation identification information or the second reservation identification information is obtained.

More specifically, when the reservation IDs are not extracted for both of the request terminal and the counterpart terminal, the management system 50 is able to allow communication to be established between the request terminal and the counterpart terminal. When at least one of the reservation ID of the request terminal or the reservation ID of the counterpart terminal is extracted, the management system 50 prevents the request terminal or the counterpart terminal to start communication so as to allow the request terminal or the counterpart terminal to start communication based on reservation.

In one example, the transmission management system further includes a reservation manager to store reservation identification information for identifying specific communication reserved for one or more transmission terminals, in association with identification information of the one or more transmission terminals, to generate the reservation information. For example, the reservation manager corresponds to the reservation management DB 5009, storing the reservation management table.

In another example, the transmission management system further includes a connection controller to control connection of a relay device that relays data to be transmitted or received between the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal, with respect to the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal, respectively, when the reservation determiner accepts the communication start request. For example, the connection controller corresponds to the data transmitter/receiver 51 of the management system 50, which operates in cooperation with the CPU 201.

In another example, the transmission management system may further include a relay device manager to store, for each one of a plurality of relay devices, relay device identification information for identifying the relay device. The connection controller selects one of the plurality of relay devices to relay data between the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal. For example, the relaying device manager corresponds to the relay device management DB 5001.

In another example, the reservation manager further stores, for each one of the reservation identification information identifying the reserved communication, start time information indicating a time at which the reserved communication starts, and end time information indicating a time at which the reserved communication ends. The reservation obtainer obtains the reservation identification information based on the start time information and the end time information.

In another example, the present invention may reside in a transmission system including any one of the above-described transmission management system, and one or more transmission terminals.

In another example, the present invention may reside in a method of determining whether to accept a communication start request, the method including: receiving a communication start request, which requests to start communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal; obtaining first reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal, and second reservation identification information for identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal, respectively, using reservation information regarding communication reserved for at least the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal; and determining whether to accept or reject the communication start request based on a match between the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information. The determining accepts the communication start request when the first reservation identification information matches the second reservation identification information. The determining rejects the communication start request when the first reservation identification information does not match the second reservation identification information.

In another example, the present invention may reside in a non-transitory recording medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any one of the above-described methods. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A transmission management system, comprising: a receiver configured to receive a communication start request, which requests to start communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal, the communication start request including a first terminal identifier of the first transmission terminal and a second terminal identifier of the second transmission terminal; a reservation determiner configured to, when first reservation identification information identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal and second reservation identification information identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal are both obtained using the first terminal identifier and the second terminal identifier, accept the communication start request when the first reservation identification information matches the second reservation identification information, and reject the communication start request when the first reservation identification information does not match the second reservation identification information.
 2. The transmission management system of claim 1, wherein the reservation determiner is further configured to accept the communication start request when none of the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information are obtained, and to reject the communication start request when only one of the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information is obtained.
 3. The transmission management system of claim 2, further comprising: a reservation manager configured to store reservation identification information for identifying specific communication reserved for one or more transmission terminals, in association with identification information of the one or more transmission terminals, in a reservation information memory.
 4. The transmission management system of claim 3, wherein the reservation manager is configured to store, for each one of the reservation identification information identifying the reserved communication, start time information indicating a time at which the reserved communication starts, and end time information indicating a time at which the reserved communication ends.
 5. The transmission management system of claim 2, further comprising: a connection controller configured to control connection of a relay device that relays data to be transmitted or received between the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal, with respect to the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal, respectively, when the reservation determiner accepts the communication start request.
 6. The transmission management system of claim 5, further comprising: a relay device manager configured to store, for each one of a plurality of relay devices, relay device identification information for identifying the relay device, wherein the connection controller selects one of the plurality of relay devices to relay data between the first transmission terminal and the second transmission terminal.
 7. A transmission system comprising: the transmission management system of claim 1; and the first transmission terminal configured to transmit the communication start request to the transmission management system through a network.
 8. A transmission management system, comprising: a network interface configured to receive a communication start request, which requests to start communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal, the communication start request including a first terminal identifier of the first transmission terminal and a second terminal identifier of the second transmission terminal; and one or more processors configured to: when first reservation identification information identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal and second reservation identification information identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal are both obtained using the first terminal identifier and the second terminal identifier, accept the communication start request when the first reservation identification information matches the second reservation identification information, and reject the communication start request when the first reservation identification information does not match the second reservation identification information.
 9. The transmission management system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are configured to accept the communication start request when none of the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information are obtained, and to reject the communication start request when only one of the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information is obtained.
 10. The transmission management system of claim 9, further comprising: a reservation information memory configured to store reservation identification information for identifying specific communication reserved for one or more transmission terminals, in association with identification information of the one or more transmission terminals.
 11. A transmission system comprising: the transmission management system of claim 8; and the first transmission terminal configured to transmit the communication start request to the transmission management system through a network.
 12. A non-transitory recording medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method of determining whether to accept a communication start request, the method comprising: receiving a communication start request, which requests to start communication between a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal, the communication start request including a first terminal identifier of the first transmission terminal and a second terminal identifier of the second transmission terminal; when first reservation identification information identifying communication reserved for the first transmission terminal and second reservation identification information identifying communication reserved for the second transmission terminal are both obtained using the first terminal identifier and the second terminal identifier, determining whether to accept or reject the communication start request based on a match between the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information, wherein the determining accepts the communication start request when the first reservation identification information matches the second reservation identification information, and the determining rejects the communication start request when the first reservation identification information does not match the second reservation identification information.
 13. The non-transitory recording medium of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: determining whether to accept or reject the communication start request based whether the first reservation identification information or the second reservation identification information is obtained, wherein the determining accepts the communication start request when none of the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information are obtained, and the determining rejects the communication start request when only one of the first reservation identification information and the second reservation identification information is obtained. 